Logical Reasoning - Logical Deduction
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13.
statements: Some papers are pens. Some pencils are pens.Conclusions: I.Some pens are pencils. II.Some pens are papers.
A.
Only conclusion I follows
B.
Only conclusion II follows
C.
Either I or II follows
D.
Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option E
Explanation:
Since both premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of second premise, while II is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.
14.
statements: All poles are guns. Some boats are not poles.Conclusions: I.All guns are boats. II.Some boats are not guns.
A.
Only conclusion I follows
B.
Only conclusion II follows
C.
Either I or II follows
D.
Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Clearly, the term 'guns' is distributed in both the conclusions without being distributed in any of the premises. So, neither conclusion follows.
15.
statements: Many scooters are trucks. All trucks are trains.Conclusions: I.Some scooters are trains. II.No truck is a scooter.
A.
Only conclusion I follows
B.
Only conclusion II follows
C.
Either I or II follows
D.
Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the first premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only I follows.
16.
statements: All tubes are handles. All cups are handles.Conclusions: I.All cups are tubes. II.Some handles are not cups.
A.
Only conclusion I follows
B.
Only conclusion II follows
C.
Either I or II follows
D.
Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Both the premises are A type propositions. So, in either, the middle term 'handles' forming the predicate is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows
17.
statements: All trucks fly. Some scooters fly.Conclusions: I.All trucks are scooters. II.Some scooters do not fly.
A.
Only conclusion I follows
B.
Only conclusion II follows
C.
Either I or II follows
D.
Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'fly' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
18.
statements: Some books are tables. Some tables are mirrors.Conclusions: I.Some mirrors are books. II.No book is mirror.
A.
Only conclusion I follows
B.
Only conclusion II follows
C.
Either I or II follows
D.
Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Since both the premises are particular no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. Thus, either I or II follows.
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