When the compiler sees the function show it doesn't know anything about it. So the default return type (ie, int) is assumed. But when compiler sees the actual definition of show mismatch occurs since it is declared as void. Hence the error.
main function calls itself again and again. Each time the function is called its return address is stored in the call stack. Since there is no condition to terminate the function call, the call stack overflows at runtime. So it terminates the program and results in an error.
Pass by value: In this approach we pass copy of actual variables in function as a parameter. Hence any modification on parameters inside the function will not reflect in the actual variable.
k = func1(k=func1(k=func1(k))); The func1(k) increement the value of k by 1 and return it. Here the func1(k) is called 3 times. Hence it increements value of k = 35 to 38. The result is stored in the variable k = 38.
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